Lars And The Lottery Analysis - 1585 Words

A community is a group of people living in the same place while having a feeling of fellowship towards each other because of common attitudes, goals, and interests. A healthy community has attributes of membership, influence, and shared emotional connection. As Tuttle states, â€Å"it takes partnerships and collaborations to make changes to the community environment and is working to ensure to entire community lives a healthy lifestyle† (28). The membership aspect is about feeling that one belongs or are wanted. Influence is the sense that one has a say in the community issues that affect everyone and that personal opinions are appreciated. A shared emotional connection is the part of shared history or a sense of the community’s quality of†¦show more content†¦Lars starts to introduce Bianca as his girlfriend to the community. Everyone is concerned for Lars’ health and decides to play along and treat Bianca as a real person. This helps Lars converse with more people and cope with his social problems. This feeling of love is shown for Lars by making Bianca seem real to everyone. One morning Lars says that he has found Bianca unconscious and an ambulance brings her to the hospital. Bianca eventually passes away in Lars’ arms and there is a full funeral held for her where all the community comes together. The short story, â€Å"The Lottery† is about villagers in a small community who gather together in the town square for the town lottery. The children of the village had just finished school for the summer and gather stones to put in a pile, followed by the men, and then the women. There are 300 people in this village so the lottery is only a couple hours compared to other towns. Mr. Summers is the man who conducts the lottery, who has no kids and wife is considered unpleasant. His assistant is Mr. Graves who helps Mr. Summers to the spot where a very old black box is placed. The black box contains slips of paper for eve ryone in town and is noted to be even older than the towns oldest citizen, Old Man Warner. Before the start of the lottery list of the heads of households, family members, and heads ofShow MoreRelatedAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 PagesRavelli was his shorts. I ponder about where to stole a pair. W e were supposed to sell Binglotto (some sort of Swedish lottery tickets) to bring in money to the club, and I had no idea what those lottery tickets were for. I had never heard of Loket (the anchor guy). But I tried to sell the tickets. â€Å"Hello, hello, my name is Zlatan. Sorry to disturb. Do you want a lottery ticket?† It didn’t go to well, seriously. I sold one and even less of the Christmas calendars we were supposed to sell.Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmain issues inï ¬â€šuencing the competitive position of a number of organisations in the same industry with a relatively short case. For a case that permits a more comprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focused – illustrating the use of ‘ï ¬ ve forces’ analysis – the TUI case study or Illustration 2.3 on The Steel Industry could be used. Some cases are written entirely from published sources but most have been prepared in cooperation withRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesCarroll (1832-1898), author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, was a mathematician, logician, and political scientist. Carroll loved careful reasoning about puzzling things. Here Carroll’s Alice presents a nice bit of economic analysis. At ï ¬ rst glance, it may seem that Alice is talking nonsense, but, indeed, her reasoning is impeccable. â€Å"I should like to buy an egg, please.† she said timidly. â€Å"How do you sell them?† â€Å"Fivepence farthing for one—twopence for two,† the Sheep replied

The Freedom Writers Mrs. Gruwell s English Class Essay

There are many things that make us different from each other. Characteristics that divide us are race, gender, background, personality, and the list goes on. We are all unique, each one of us having a different set of characteristics. Yet, there is one thing that every single person has in common; we are all human. There are approximately 7.5 billion people on this earth, each person being unique in design, but all being human. Sometimes we let our characteristics, our background, race, gender, or personality, define us completely. We separate by groups according to these things. Discrimination has always been a problem; we constantly let our differences come between us. While sometimes separation is necessary, most of the time it tears us apart. In the story of the Freedom Writers, Mrs. Gruwell’s english class is severely divided by race. This tears them apart in the beginning; the class can not go one day without getting into a fight. What the class did not realize is that y es, they were all different races, but that was the only thing that made them different from each other. All the students had struggles, and in the end, that is what made them realize that they can all get along. They looked for something to divide them, but Mrs. Gruwell sought to show her class that race is merely a characteristic and that through writing and sharing about their struggles, the class realized that they are all very similar, despite their difference in race. The story of Mrs. Gruwell andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Woodrow Wilson High School1311 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups, categories, cultures, and identities will take the toll of action while one is responding either to you or about you. The film I analyzed is Freedom Writers, which is based on a dedicated teacher of the white or Caucasian ethnic group. White being the dominate group in America that tends to have many privileges, which the teacher Erin Gruwell took the notion to step up and develop a hurting school that used to be an A average educational institute. From the words of the head person in chargeRead MoreIn The Reading Claiming An Education The Authors Speaks1552 Words   |  7 Pagesto realize we must take the prospective of claiming our education versus receiving because of how much is against those students to fail. In reading â€Å"claiming an education† the author challenges the students to do more than the average student that s only coming to school to just receiving an education. compared to the students that are claiming their education Rich described claiming an education are students that are going above and beyond the bare minimum, avoiding irrelevant classes that doesnRead MoreFreedom Writers1640 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom writers Question 1. Why are the students so unwilling to associate with anyone outside their ethnic/racial groups? Where does this intolerance come from? The students are so unwilling to associate with each other because they’re not used to getting along with the other group of people. Their used to having to run or shoot at the other ethnic/racial groups. This intolerance comes from growing up in hostile environments towards the other ethnic/racial groups. 2. What would you

The Lesson Issues on Financial Stability of Families Free Essays

In this research proposal I will address issues on financial stability of families, economy and education. â€Å"The Lessonaâ‚ ¬? reflects the attitudes and education of children in the lower working class. A point was made in the story that brought up old emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lesson: Issues on Financial Stability of Families or any similar topic only for you Order Now On page 474 a student states, † Imagine for a minute what kind of society it is in which some people can spend on a toy what it would cost to feed a family of six or sevenaâ‚ ¬?. † That’s not much of a democracy if you ask me. Equal chance to pursue happiness means an equal opportunity at the doughaâ‚ ¬?. Our society would much rather spend money on building prisons and shopping malls than on better school and homes. No child should have to go with less than livable housing, or be deprived from a decent education. I was told all of my life that the standards in the wealthier schools (where mostly whites went) were better than the schools in the lower parts of the city (where most blacks went). The sad fact was that it is true. I attended both schools. It made me think, why is the high achievers/summit classes at the poorer school if the other school gets the most money. The only thing that is funded in the poorer schools was the athletic department. We all deserve the same opportunities as our peers no matter what the financial situation may be. I also came to learn in the (black schools) the work was easier and the athletes were given grades. Mostly drug dealers, and dropouts hung around the school. At the predominantly white school they had police and security, but the black school had teachers and coaches as hall monitors. In an overview of educational statistics black and Hispanic children were at the bottom. If we are receiving the same education then why is there such a difference in knowledge? Politicians constantly speak about equality, but they not making a difference? We all deserve the same chance at life rather than being mock and talked about as children as never going to be anything, and we will be in jail by the time we are 16 at least twice. How to cite The Lesson: Issues on Financial Stability of Families, Papers

Elements of Law of Contract

Question: Discuss about the Elements of Law of Contract. Answer: Introduction: Individuals who are employed as police officers do not cease to have the power and authority conferred upon them by virtue of the employment, they carry their police powers within their respective jurisdiction 24 hours a day, irrespective of the fact that they are on duty or not.Sometimes these police officials are hired to exercise their powers off duty, when private firms contract with them to provide security services at particular instances. The contracting with police officials is desirable as they carry their training and powers along with them wherever they go. For providing these services the entity which hires them for providing special services which ado not form part of public duty, is liable to pay charges for the services rendered by them. House of Lords by majority of 3 to 2while determining the question whether the police officers are entitled for extra pay for rendering special services, held that there was nothing illegal in the agreement between the parties to the suit in seeking recovery of 2200 by superintendent of police for providing mobile force in order to efficiently secure the colliery, nor was the agreement void for want of consideration. It was affirmed that it is the fundamental obligation of the police to maintain law and order for which they are paid through general taxation. Viscount Cave L.C. held that the police officers were under unconditional obligation to maintain law and order, and the public pays for the same through taxation and it cannot be called upon to make extra payment for the public services rendered by the police. But in circumstances wherein the services are rendered upon the request and with the view to meeting the wishes of the person asking for the same apart from those which the y deem fit at that instance, then the services are entitled to be treated as special services and the police officers have a right to charge for the same, irrespective of the fact that there existed a contact or not. The promise to pay would be implied under those circumstances. In the present matter at hand the Vice Chancellor had requested for wants two police officers on duty on the dance floor and a stationary police van at the campus and for the same Sergeant Ratty had advised that an extra cost would have to be paid. The services provided by the police officers was a special services distinct from that of the ordinary obligation for maintain law and order, restricting crime. By accepting the services of the police the university has impliedly consented to the payment of extra cost for the special services rendered by the police officers. The principle laid down in the judgment of Glasbrook Brothers Limited. Vs. Glamorgan County Council would be applicable to the case at hand. Hence the university is liable to pay the amount of $5000 as mentioned in the invoice. Has a legally binding contract been made between Mr. Dowell and Dodgy Accounts Associates? Contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties.The English common law provides for existence of three essentials elements, which give rise to obligations enforceable and recognized by law. The three basic essentials are existence of an agreement, intention to enter into legally binding relationship and consideration. The standard and traditional approach to contract law states that all contracts require there to be an offer and an acceptance. Offer and acceptance form part of an agreement.Offer is a specific proposal made by offeror to offeree, either to give or to perform something, with an intention to be binding if accepted by the person to whom it is addressed. Offer is said to be communicated when it reaches the offeree. An acceptance is an unequivocal statement made by the offeree to accept the offer. An offer must be communicated to the offeree, otherwise it would be impossible for him to accept it.Acceptance of the offer should be absolute and without qualifications, and the acceptance should be with regard to the offer made. An offer accepted with conditions other than those set out in the offer, is not a valid acceptance and gives rise to a counter offer (request for further information does not amount to counter offer) which can either be accepted or rejected by the offeror, and at the same time the original offer lapses which can be restored only at the consent of the parties. An acceptance must be communicated to the offeror. Acceptance is made when it is dispatched to the offeror, and at the time when the acceptance is dispatched contract comes into existence. The parties to the contract must agree upon the terms of the contract in the same sense.An offer when accepted becomes a promise. Another essential of contract is the intention of the parties to enter into a legally binding relationship.A contract does not come into existence until the parties intend to be bound by the terms of the contract. The third essential of a contract is consideration. Sir Frederick Pollock defined consideration as an act of forbearance of one party or the promise there of, is the price for which the promise of the other is brought and the promise thus given for value is enforceable. Consideration is required to form simple contracts. Consideration must be sufficient, lawful, and definite but it need not to be adequate and should not be illusionary. The essence of contracts being enforceable is that, they induce reasonable expectations. If the promisor promises to perform then it gives a hope to the promisee that it would be performed and in case of breach it causes a sense of deprivation. In the legal parlance this deprivation is compensated by payment of damages on the basis of psychological and monetary losses. The legally binding character of the contract gives an opportunity to the promisee to seek remedy in case of breach of contract, wherein a contractual relationship exists between the parties. In the present matter at hand Mr. Welwisha had send the information to Mr. Dowell by telegraph stating that the management committee has decided to appointed him as the senior accountant of the firm. In the light of the above mentioned essential ingredients to constitute a contractual relationship between two or more persons an offer should be made by the offeror to the offeree and acceptance should be made in correspondence to that offer, but Mr. Welwisha did not make an offer to Mr. Dowell to be appointed as the senior accountant, there was mere communication of the information, and Mr. Dowell sent his acceptance in correspondence to the telegraph which disclosed the said information and not with respect to the offer which was not received by him. There was no express or implied intention on the part of Mr. Welwisha to enter into a legally binding relationship. Therefore it is pertinent to note that as the essentials of the contract have not been fulfilled in the instant case, henc e no contractual relationship between Mr. Welwisha and Mr. Dowell. Herein no contractual relationship exists between the parties, so the doctrine of reasonable expectation would not be applicable. References Australian contract law, Agreement, https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html Catharine MacMillan and Richard Stone, Elements of the law of contract, (University of London,2012)13-52 Dena Valente, Enforcing Promises: consideration and Intention in the Law of Contract (Bachelor of Laws (Honours) Dissertation, University of Otago, 2010) Geoff Monahan, Essential contract law, (Cavendish Publishing (Australia) Pty Limited, 2001)5-21 Glasbrook Brothers Limited. Vs. Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270 Networked Knowledge, Contract law lecture-Formation of contract-offer and acceptance, https://netk.net.au/Contract/02Formation.asp Quora, When local police / sheriffs are hired as security for a private organization are they still legally police officers or are they security guards?, https://www.quora.com/When-local-police-sheriffs-are-hired-as-security-for-a-private-organization-are-they-still-legally-police-officers-or-are-they-security-guards Reading, Common law elements of contarct, https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/19194J/commerc_law/lo/u5_t2_commonlaw/u5_t2_commonlaw_02.htm Practical Law, Contract, https://uk.practicallaw.com/books/9781845921620/chapter04#SLASG-ch04-UID5 ThinkProgress, The incredible powers of off duty cops, https://thinkprogress.org/the-incredible-power-of-off-duty-cops-d0d3435aba3f#.c6hbo1mdg

Biography of Scott Joplin free essay sample

No one really knows the exact date of his birth, but research by ragtime historian Deed Berlin revealed that he was born sometime between June 1867 and January 1868. His information Is based on a U. S Census. Scott Joplin parents were Florence Givens and Jules Joplin. They notice Scott Joplin music ability at an early age. HIS mother cleaned houses so that Scott Joplin would have a place to practice his music. His father worked hard to purchase a used piano for Joplin to practice his music at home.Scott Joplin received free piano lessons from a German music teacher, Julius Weiss. She helped him to become well rounded and knowledgeable in classic music. This helped him in creating the classical music form of ragtime. He went on to study at George R. Smith College in Saddles Missouri. By the late sasss Scott Joplin became known as the King of Ragtime because of his new form of classical ragtime. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of Scott Joplin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1895 he sold two of his songs, Please Say You Will and Picture of Her Face. Joplin is best known for his accomplishments of the songs The Entertainer and Maple Leaf Rag. Joplin spent a to of his time playing his music at the Maple Leaf and Blackball clubs. His music was popular until the arrival of Jazz music In the early sasss. At the time when Ragtime music was becoming prevalent, Scott Joplin became Ill. He suffered from dementia, which Is known today as Alchemies. While he was Ill there were times when he was able to continue writing he music. Scott Joplin died on April, 191 7 in the Manhattan State Hospital in New York City, New York. His death did not receive headlines due to the United States entrance into World War l. He was buried in SST. Michael Cemetery located in the Queens section of New York.

Police Profiling essays

Police Profiling essays During the Civil Rights movement, thousands of blacks were arrested and beaten by police. Toady we face the same problem, police departments gets more and more complaints from black citizens. In New York City in 1999 a street merchant was mistakenly shot to death because a cops thought he pulled out a gun. In New Jersey four college basketball players were heading for tryouts at a college, when stopped the driver couldnt get the van into park the two officers opened fire. Luckily nobody was hurt. Racial Profiling is one of the most volatile civil rights issues in the U.S. and even the most successful African-Americans are not immune to it (Most 89). Recent research shows that crime is down, but it also shows that police target blacks more than whites. Racial subjects attract attention from Civil rights groups, Politics, and the locals. What do they know, were they there when the Cops shot the merchant or the college players? Minorities say theyre more worried about the cops than the crooks (CannonI dont want my sons to be victims of police brutality (Leo 16). Some cant find a reason why blacks are stopped and frisked more than whites, but the blacks coined the phrase DWB is the cause. DWB stand for Driving While Black (Drummond 61). With campaigns going on Al Gore and Bill Bradley fell over them selves to become commander in chief of the forces against racial profiling. Bradley promised an executive order eliminating racial profiling at a federal level, Gore raising the ante to a notional law outlawing racial profiling altogether (Chua-Eoan). The Governor of New Jersey, Chr...

RBC bank (Canada) & sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RBC bank (Canada) & sustainability - Essay Example and 56 other countries1. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability The company claims to have positive economic, environmental and social impact in its areas of operations. In the view of the President and CEO of the company Gordon M. Nixon corporate responsibility for the company is about the way company uses and makes money2. Company has set six priorities for its corporate social responsibility which are operational integrity, economic impact, market place, work place, environment and community. Within the environmental priorities company is determined to reduce the intensity of the environmental footprint of RBC Canada, promote environmentally responsible business activities and offer environmental products and services3. Sustainable Growth and Priorities of RBC Canada RBC Canada has developed and adopted significant policies and procedures for the sustainable developments which are included in the corporate priorities. Some of these are as follow: Reduce the Intensity o f the Environmental Footprint of RBC RBCs environmental footprint consists of range of activities of the company from the internal environment to the external environment. Company has tracked all the areas of operations that can have environmental impact and identified the ways to minimize the environmental impact. These include use of energy, paper consumption, and water use and procurement activities. In these areas company is minimizing its environmental footprint. Vital statistics4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions The company studied and identified the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emission by the company. This includes the source of electricity, production and distribution of documents and employee travel5. The company has Carbon Disclosure Project submission6. The key highlights of the progress of the company indicate that there are number of energy and greenhouse gas related initiatives. They launched a multi-year Energy Management Plan across the retail branch network in Canada . This consists of 200 lighting retrofits and 80 heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) efficiency assessment7. The company has drafted a comprehensive policy for their environmental and risk management policy. As per this policy all the management decisions should be consider social and environmental risk. There have been tremendous developments in order to make this policy workable in the organization such as assessment of client’s environmental management systems, liabilities, community relations, environmental and labor regulations, community relations and the overall impact on air, land and water. They provided training to 250 employees of RBC Capital Market and Group Risk Management. These people were trained so that the new policy can be applied successfully. In the commercial lending activities, company has been taking care in the commercial lending activities in accordance with this policy. There have been various training provided to risk managers on envir onmental risks and risk management in various lending and investment banking. It has also transferred many of the paper related activities through the electronic documentation process and saved nearly 11.3 million sheets of

BUSINESS ECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BUSINESS ECONOMICS - Essay Example Open market operations involves the buying back or selling of government securities. Of the government wants to increase the supply of money it will buy back the securities it has sold to financial institutions in exchange of currency that will then be circulated in the market in the form of investments or lending. If the government wants to decrease the money supply it will sell its securities and holding onto the money that was previously in circulation. Another way to control money supply is to adjust the rate of lending at which the banks can obtain loans from the central bank or other banks. Higher rate will result in low borrowing and hence tightened money supply and vice versa. Lastly, Cash Reserve requirement is also adjusted in order to control money in circulation. Cash reserve is the amount of funds that the financial institutions are required to keep aside. This is a percentage of the total deposits and higher cash reserve requirement allows banks to lend out less funds. Similarly lower cash reserve requirement enables banks to have more funds to lend out. Unconventional tools of money supply include the central bank’s commitment to keep rates low in the future. Another means is to adjust the central bank’s assets to provide ease in credit through the change in different rates and prices. Third unconventional way is lower the policy rate to zero by supplying reserves that are more than the required rate (Highered.mcgraw-hill.com, 2011). Money supply is a crucial aspect that determines the value of currency and inflationary measures. Conventional ways are the standard means for the central bank to control money supply. However, if the economic conditions do not permit the central bank to use the conventional means they resort to unconventional means which are effective but not good for the economy in the long run due to their unpredictable and risky nature. (b) In a 2012 study the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that the fiscal

MT140 Unit 4 Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MT140 Unit 4 Assignment - Research Paper Example 2. Promoting an existing manager is a very intelligent move as the manager would be aware of the business and its policies. Normally it takes time for new managers to adjust to the philosophy and culture of an organization but promoting an existing manager would avoid such problems. It would also be easier for an existing manager to communicate as he would be familiar with some of the location managers (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). 3. The CEO should be making these decisions because the new coordinating manager would be directly working under him. He would be responsible for communicating between the location managers and the CEO so the CEO must choose a person with great communication skills (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). The CEO must realize the importance of the job as it would link him to the rest of the team and should pick the candidate himself based on the qualifications and skills. 4. When the new position is created then it will not change the level of authority for the CEO and the upper management however the middle and lower management will be affected. The CEO would require the location manager to report the coordinating manager and they would have the privilege of directly communicating with the CEO taken away from them. They would not be able to communicate with the CEO on regular basis making them more reliant on the coordinating manager (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). On the other hand, the coordinating manager will have a greater say in important matter and in some cases even over the senior managers of the

Cutaneous Myoepithelioma | Case Study

Cutaneous Myoepithelioma | Case Study TITLE: Cutaneous myoepithelioma: A case report of an unusual and recently recognized entity ABSTRACT: Myoepitheliomas and mixed tumors were only recently recognized to occur primarily in soft tissue, and only small case numbers have been described. The present case is of 25-year-old male who had solitary, painless mass over right middle finger, measuring 3cm in greatest dimensions and light microscopy revealed a tumor composed of a mixed population of spindle, epithelioid and plasmacytoid cells arranged around a central chondromyxoid stroma. No definite diagnosis could be reached on this morphology and initial diagnosis of benign mixed stromal tumor was considered. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was performed and the tumor showed strong positivity for Calponin and SMA, Ki-index showed low index, weak and focal positivity for S-100 and negative for Pan-CK. The final diagnosis of benign myoepithelioma was entertained. Keywords: Myoepithelioma, Cutaneous, Soft tissue INTRODUCTION: Myoepithelioma of the skin and soft tissue is a newly recognized entity only ten years ago with fewer than 50 case reports. It has characteristic histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, which need to be differentiated from a variety of tumors CASE REPORT: Case history: A 25-year-old male presented with a solitary, painless mass over right middle finger, measuring 3cm in greatest dimension since 6months. There is no increase in size and overlying skin is smooth and unremarkable. The mass is firm, non- tender and mobile. X-ray showed a soft tissue mass with underlying bone unremarkable. Gross: Multiple tissue bits aggregate measuring 3Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"1cm and skin flap measuring 2Ãâ€"1cm. Light microscopy: Revealed a tumor in the superficial dermis composed of a mixed population of spindle , epithelioid, and plasmacytoid cells arranged around a central chondromyxoid stroma. No definite diagnosis could be reached on this morphology and diagnosis of benign mixed stromal tumor was considered. Immunohistochemistry(IHC): IHC was performed and showed strongly positive Calponin and SMA. S-100 was weak and focally positive. Pan CK was negative. Ki 67 revealed low index (2%). The final diagnosis of Benign myoepithelioma was entertained. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS The primary differential diagnoses considered were extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) and ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT). EMC typically shows a multinodular growth pattern with cords of cells in a myxoid matrix. The tumor cells in EMC are more spindled than those of myoepitheliomas. S-100 protein and epithelial markers are expressed in a minority of EMC and usually only focally, while both the markers are often extensively expressed in myoepitheliomas. OFMT is a lobulated tumor surrounded by a rim of metaplastic bone. The tumor cells are mostly pale-staining ovoid to round cells. Approximately 70% of OFMT show positivity for S-100 protein and vimentin and 50% of tumor cells are positive for desmin. The tumor cells in OFMT are rarely positive for epithelial markers and GFAP. Myoepitheliomas are generally negative for desmin, nearly half positive for GFAP, and nearly always show positivity for keratin and S-100 protein.[1] Other tumors that should be differentiated are, Epithelioid benign fibrous histiocytoma that usually shows a superficial dermal tumor with a well-developed epidermal collarette. Spitz nevus is characterized by a junctional component, nesting and maturation of tumor cells. In epithelioid sarcoma, multiple tumor nodules around central necrosis or even myxoid degeneration are often seen. More morphologic uniformity is observed in epithelioid sarcoma over myoepithelioma. Moreover, approximately 90% of epithelioid sarcoma are positive for vimentin, cytokeratin, and EMA, and around 60% are positive for CD34, but are generally negative for other markers typical myoepithelial differentiation (S-100 protein, GFAP, myogenic markers). Cellular neurothekeoma consists of nesting of tumor cells, and are consistently S-100 negative.[2] COMMENT Tumors comprised mostly of myoepithelial cells without obvious epithelial differentiation are designated myoepitheliomas.[1] Neoplasms of myoepithelial cells can occur in a pure form as myoepitheliomas or in association with glandular structures as mixed tumors.[2] Myoepitheliomas of the skin and soft tissue were recognized only 10 years ago.[3] Myoepithelial cells can exhibit dual epithelial and myoid differentiation. They may also show divergent metaplasia, including squamous, adipocytic, bone and cartilaginous differentiation.[4,5] As a consequence, proliferating myoepithelial cells in neoplasms display a variety of histologic and immunohistochemical expression patterns. It has been postulated that cutaneous myoepitheliomas are related to mixed tumors of skin and that soft tissue myoepitheliomas are derived from deeply located adnexal structures. Cutaneous myoepitheliomas of the head and neck may be derived from salivary gland tissue, as has been reported in two parotid gland myoe pitheliomas presenting as infra- auricular subcutaneous masses.[6] Therefore, the possibility of an underlying primary salivary gland neoplasm should be considered in myoepitheliomas presenting in the head and neck. Myoepithelial tumors were described only recently in soft tissue, and, to date, fewer than 50 cases have been reported. Kilpatrick et al [3] reported a study of 19 patients with mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue in 1997. Michal et al [7] reported 12 additional cases of myoepitheliomas of the skin and soft tissues in 1999, Hornick and Fletcher conducted a study of 14 cutaneous myoepitheliomas. There were 11 males and 3 females. The study indicated that cutaneous myoepitheliomas occur with peaks in childhood (7 patients were between 10 and 20 years of age) and middle age and are most common on the extremities, in contrast to mixed tumors of the skin, which typically occur on the head and neck in middle aged or elderly adults.[1,3,4] Myoepitheliomas of soft tissue are often lobulated, and the most frequent architectural pattern is reticular or trabecular with chondromyxoid or hyalinized stroma. These lesions display the same wide range of histologic features as those of salivary gland origin. Many tumors are heterogeneous, containing an admixture of epithelioid and spindled cells, reticular areas merging with solid areas, at least focally prominent stroma, and occasional foci of cartilaginous or osseous differentiation. [8] A small subset of tumors approximately 10% are predominantly solid proliferations of spindled or plasmacytoid myoepithelial cells. Occasional tumors display features of so-called parachordoma, namely, large epithelioid cells with eosinophilic epitheliomas. Initially, myoepitheliomas were only recognized to contain spindled or plasmacytoid cells growing in solid sheets. [9]Current classifications therefore include all of these patterns within the spectrum of myoepithelioma, simply separating those tumors with ductal differentiation into the mixed tumor category.[10,11] Whereas some investigators allow up to 5% or 10% ductal differentiation in myoepitheliomas, others classify tumors with any ducts as mixed tumors. In any event, it is now widely thought that myoepitheliomas and mixed tumors fall along a spectrum of tumors with overlapping histologic appearances and similar clinical behavior. Because the immunophenotype of these lesions overlaps with myoepithelioma, and otherwise typical myoepithelioma s can show focal areas with â€Å"parachordoma†-like features, it is becoming increasingly clear that parachordoma probably falls within the spectrum of myoepithelioma of soft tissue, as is reflected in the new WHO classification.[11] The only apparent difference in immunophenotype is GFAP and SMA negativity in parachordomas, because few cases of parachordoma have been studied and only about 50% of otherwise convincing soft tissue myoepitheliomas are GFAP positive and only around 40% are SMA-positive, then this distinction seems very questionable. Awareness of the wide morphologic range of myoepitheliomas is necessary to perform confirmatory immunohistochemical stains and thereby to arrive at the correct diagnosis.[12] In salivary glands, myoepitheliomas are generally positive for cytokeratins and S-100 protein, whereas immunostaining for actin and GFAP is variable. We therefore required immunoreactivity for either keratin or EMA, in conjunction with detection of S-100 protei n or myogenic markers, for the diagnosis of myoepithelioma and inclusion in this series. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells of all morphologic types often expressed myogenic markers.[13] As has been reported in the salivary gland, we found calponin to be the most sensitive myogenic marker, staining 86% of tumors, whereas SMA stained 36% and desmin only a small subset (14%). Interestingly, the basal cell/myoepithelial marker p63, which has shown utility in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of breast and prostate due to the staining of myoepithelial or basal cells in in situ lesions, appears to be detectable in only one fourth of soft tissue myoepithelial tumors. Immunostaining for p63 is not specific for myoepithelial tumors, however, as this antigen has also been reported in other neoplasms, especially squamous cell and urothelial carcinomas.[13,14] Nonetheless, detection of p63 expression may provide helpful supportive evidence of myoepithelial differentiation in the proper morph ologic context. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous myoepitheliomas are relatively rare. Pathologists play an important role in reaching to accurate morphological diagnosis. Myoepitheliomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous and soft tissue tumors. Immunohistochemical study may aid in the diagnosis. Although most cutaneous and soft tissue myoepitheliomas behave in a benign fashion, there is a significant risk for local recurrence and a low metastatic potential. Wide excision with safe surgical margins and regular follow-up are crucial for the management of cutaneous and soft tissue myoepitheliomas. References: 1. Hornick JL,Fletche CDM. Myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue a clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical study of 101 cases with evaluation of prognostic parameters. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1183–1196. 2. Hornick JL, Fletcher CD. Cutaneous myoepithelioma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 14 cases. Hum Pathol. 2004;35:14-24. 3. Kilpatrick SE, Hitchcock MG, Kraus MD, Calonje E, Fletcher CD. Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases with a unifying concept. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21:13-22. 4. Mentzel T, Requena L, Kaddu S et al. Cutaneous myoepithelial neoplasms: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 20 cases suggesting a continuous spectrum ranging from benign mixed tumor of the skin to cutaneous myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2003;30:294-302. 5. Fernà ¡ndez-Figueras MT, Puig L, Trias I, Lorenzo JC, Navas-Palacios JJ. Benign myoepithelioma of the skin. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998;20:208-12. 6. Lewin MR, Montgomery EA, Barrett TL. New or unusual dermatopathology tumors: a review. J Cutan Pathol. 2011;38:689-96. 7. Kutzner H, Mentzel T, Kaddu S et al. Cutaneous myoepithelioma: an under-recognized cutaneous neoplasm composed of myoepithelial cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:348-55 8. Dix BT, Hentges MJ, Saltrick KR, Krishnamurti U. Cutaneous myoepithelioma in the foot: case report. Foot Ankle Spec. 2013;6:239-41. 9. Michal M, Miettinen M. Myoepitheliomas of the skin and soft tissues. Report of 12 cases. Virchows Arch. 1999;434:393-400. 10. Franklin G, Chen S, Sznyter LA, Morgenstern NJ. Cutaneous myoepithelioma with a plexiform pattern of growth: a case report. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36:42-5. 11. Jo VY, Antonescu CR, Zhang L et al. Cutaneous Syncytial Myoepithelioma: Clinicopathologic Characterization in a Series of 38 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 ; 37: 710–718. 12. Jakate K, Wong K, Sirbovan J, Hanna W. Cutaneous myoepithelioma arising within hidradenoma of the scalp. J Cutan Pathol. 2012;39:279-85. 13. Stojsic Z, Brasanac D, Boricic I, Bacetic D. Clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma of the skin. A case report. J Cutan Pathol. 2009;36:680-3. 14. Tanahashi J, Kashima K, Daa T, Kondo Y, Kuratomi E, Yokoyama S. A case of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma. . J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34:648-53. LEGENDS Figure 1:Myoepithelioma(100X): composed of a mixed population of spindled, epithelioid, and plasmacytoid cells arranged around a central chondromyxoid stroma. Insert shows 400X view and reveals mild nuclear atypia (coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli) . Figurer 2:Myoepithelioma(400X): (a)shows SMA positivity in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells.(b) shows strong positivity for Calponin in the cytoplasm of spindle cells.(c) shows PAN CK negativity(d) showsS100 negativity. Figure 3 :Myoepithelioma(400X): shows Low Ki 67 index.

World War II: Pearl Harbor & The Pacific War Essay -- history, world w

Chaos and continual disorder encompassed the people across the globe in the years prior to the declaration of war between the Axis and Allied powers in 1939. The Great Depression that had struck soon after the First World War left much of the world unemployed and desperate for relief. Nationalism swept through Germany in response to the terms of the Versailles Treaty that ended World War I. China and Japan had been at war since Japanese troops invaded Manchuria in 1931. Germany, Italy, and Japan began multiple invasions and occupations of nearby countries. When they received no meaningful consequences for their aggressive actions, they felt emboldened and World War II began. In the midst of war and the growing totalitarian aggression, the United States passed several Neutrality Acts in an attempt to avoid involvement in another global war. Efforts to stay isolated from global conflict would lead to growing tensions between the main powers resulting in a rather inclusive war. After a vicious attack on their own home front staged by the Japanese, the United States catapulted into World War II. Over the course of the next six years the United States engage in continuous battles with Germany, Japan, and Italy on various fronts in Europe and the Pacific which necessitated a larger fighting force. Men like Raymond Barron Chavez courageously served as a naval serviceman during the war. Through his accounts on the Pearl Harbor attack and battles in the Pacific, we learn the first hand details of World War II. World War II reveals that leaving particular issues unresolved in terms of war will most likely lead to another one. The seeds of World War II in Europe began to sprout due to the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. A... ...ieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/110309756?accountid=6579 Bay, M. (Director). (2001). Pearl Harbor [Motion picture]. United States: Touchstone Home Video ;. Balsam, M. (Director). (20061970). Tora! Tora! Tora! [Motion picture]. United States: Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment. Calvocoressi, P., & Wint, G. (1999). The Penguin history of the Second World War. London: Penguin. Griffith, S. B. (1963). The battle for Guadalcanal ([1st ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. Leckie, R. (1995). Okinawa: the last battle of World War II. New York: Viking. Prange, G. W., Goldstein, D. M., & Dillon, K. V. (1988). December 7, 1941: the day the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. New York: McGraw-Hill. Smith, R. A., & Meehl, G. A. (2002). Pacific legacy: image and memory from World War II in the Pacific. New York: Abbeville Press.